Corporate Restructuring for Expansion of Business

• Spin Off : A Company distributes all the shares it owns in a subsidiary to its own shareholders implying creation of two separate public companies with same proportional equity ownership. Sometimes, a division is set up as a separate company.
• Split offs
• Split ups : Parent company has many 100% or near 100% subsidiaries. Each of them is spun off as a public limited company.
• Divestitures

• Equity carve out : parent has substantial holding in a subsidiary. It sells part of that holding to the public. “Public” does not necessarily mean shareholders of the parent company. Thus the asset item “Subsidiary Investment” in the balance-sheet of the parent company is replaced with cash. Parent company keeps control of the subsidiary but gets cash. This may be the first stage of a two-stage divestment transaction.
• Privatization
• Buy back of shares
• Leveraged buy out A party is interested in buying out the stake in a company but lacks financial resources. It forms a team of banks who are willing to fund the idea. The team structures the deal after discussions with the company. The deal structure involves the following steps:

The sponsor of the idea forms a shell company. The only asset is cash. The debt-equity ratio is high. It is not listed. Shell Company purchases the shares from existing shareholders of the target mostly paying for in cash. Target and shell company merge. Target is thus de-listed. The merged company is tightly managed for cash. All debts are repaid in short period of, say, 1-5 years. Sponsor takes the company public again, sells his stakes at a profit and exits.